2016年11月22日星期二

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The Bedouin are often regarded as the indigenous people of the area that makes up Jordan, and a large portion of the country's population is of Bedouin origin. The New Jordans, Nomadic and seminomadic Bedouin generally live in the country's desert regions but can also be found in some areas of the uplands and Jordan Valley. Many Bedouin, however, have settled in villages and towns across the country. The Bedouin form the backbone of Jordan's army, occupying key military positions, and are extremely loyal to the royal family. They also play a prominent role in the political, economic, and social life of Jordan.
Jordan is also home to a number of ethnic groups that have integrated into Jordanian society. Of these groups, the Circassians are the largest. Living mainly in Jordan's cities, such as Amman, the Circassians are non-Arab Islamic people. They are descendants of Muslim refugees who were settled in the Jordan area by the Ottomans at the end of the nineteenth century. Other minority groups include Armenians and Chechens. www.thenewcheapjordans.com

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The family is the center of Jordanian life. Families tend to be close-knit and rely on one another during hard times. new jordans, Extended family members usually live in the same neighborhoods or areas. Traditionally, the father is the decision-maker, while the mother is expected to stay at home and look after the children. Children are cherished in Jordanian society, and most families have three or four children. The birth of a child is a joyous occasion, and it is tradition for the mother's family to provide the child's first clothes and furniture. Parents make many sacrifices to ensure that their children have the best possible family life and the best available education. In Jordanian families, the elderly are generally well respected. www.cheapjordanreleases.com

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Getting married is the most important event in a Jordanian's lifetime, Cheap Jordan Shoes, and weddings are major social events. Weddings are grand affairs, and, in terms of cost, they are second only to buying a home. As a result, many Jordanian men from low-and middle-income families do not marry until they reach their thirties because they cannot afford to marry sooner. Traditionally, however, Jordanians get married when they are in their twenties.
Most couples meet through family introductions. Meetings are usually arranged by the female members of the bride's or groom's families. At the time of marriage, the bride receives a mohr (MA-hurr), or dowry, from the groom. The woman can spend, save, or remit the dowry as she chooses. The amount set for the mahr varies according to family circumstances. www.newjordanstrade.com
Islam is the official religion of Jordan. Ninety-two percent of the population belongs to the Sunni branch of Islam, but the country also has a small number of Shi'ite Muslims. All Muslims believe in one God — Allah — and that Muhammad was his prophet. Unlike Shi'ite Muslims who regard Muhammad's direct descendants as the only legitimate leaders of the Islamic world, Sunni Muslims accept other claims to leadership.

2016年11月12日星期六

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the Shuraydas of Tubna, Cheap Jordan Shoes, who by the 1860s could field 500 armed men (and women) in the al-Kura region further north. Both families had served as local tax collectors for various distant Ottoman governors in Damascus in the 19th century. By and large, shaykhs like the Furayhats and Shuraydas did not always feel the need to amass large personal estates for themselves at this time. Control over economic surplus was what mattered, not titular rights to ownership. Since shqykhs were able to use their position to expropriate tribute payments in the form of grain and animals from their protegees, they saw no need to rely solely upon personal agricultural exploitation for survival. In turn, these settled shaykhs were still sometimes subject to extortions from even more powerful bedouin tribes like the 'Adwan and Bam Sakhr. http://www.newjordanstrade.com

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Other shaykhs, in ‘Ajlun acquired land when they were invited to settled lands. jordan releases, In the early nineteenth century, the Ghanamat family of al-Husn invited the powerful Khasawina family to move into their village and help them defend against bedouin attacks. In return, they granted the Khasawina one-third of the crops each year." After the Ottoman government expelled the Khasawina and their allies from al-Husn in 1869, they settled in al-NVayma, where they and the inhabitants divided the land into four sections ca. 1875 in return for their help in defending against the Banf Sakhr. The Ottoman government introduced Circassian settlers into the Roman ruins of Jarash in 1878. The land was divided into two sections, one for each of the newcomers’ two main leaders. The eastern portion of the village was assigned to {Abd al-Hamid Bey bin Null Bey, while the western half went to Hamid Bey.11 And when the government provided the Banf Hasan bedouin with land in eastern ‘Ajlun on which to settle in the late 19th century, their shaykhs were granted extra shares of land, called kabara (from the Arabic “to become larger”). For example, the head shaykh of the Bam Hasan was personally granted 265 dunums in al-cAluk. http://www.cheapjordanreleases.com

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Finally, we must note that not all shaikhs who controlled land in ‘Ajlun derived their status and land from martial qualities. The New Jordans, An important category of shaykhs were those w ho were religious figures. Most of these were sufi leaders, often called fugara (Arabic singular: faqlr, “poor.” The Persian equivalent is dervish). These persons were members of religious brotherhoods associated with the tomb of a saint, called a maqdm or weft, that had acquired control of land surrounding the tomb. The Ottomans sometimes even exempted them from paying taxes in honor of their status, guaranteeing them a profitable return on the lands that they controlled, which they rented out to sharecroppers. The Jarrah family claimed descent from one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad named ‘Amir bin ‘Abdullah al-Jarrah, nicknamed Abu ‘Ubayda. The family tended his tomb at ‘Ammata in the region of the Jordan Valley that came to be known as Ghawr Abl ‘Ubayda. The family claimed the land as waqf and collected both rents and barakat (Arabic, “blessings”) donated to Abu ‘Ubayda’s memory from nearby cultivators and merchants visiting the nearby summer market. Other religious figures included the Qiyam family, who tended the tomb of Ma‘adh bin Jabal; the ‘Umari, or Massadln, family of Kufr Asad, who used their landholdings surrounding the maqdm of ‘Umar al-‘Az!mI to keep the cultivators of the village in “bondage”; the MalkawT family in Malka, a family of respected sufis associated with the tomb of Shaykh ‘Umar. and the Zu'bi family of al-Ramtha, who tended the tomb of Shaykh Rashid Ibrahim Mustafa al-Zu‘bI. http://www.thenewcheapjordans.com